My curiosity is always piqued when I find new ways to manipulate command line output in simple ways. While working on a solution to parse /proc/mdstat output, I stumbled upon the paste utility.
The man page offers a very simple description of its features:
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.
Here's an example of how it works. Let's say you want to parse some software raid output that looks like this:
# mdadm --brief --verbose --detail /dev/md0 ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=00.90 UUID=7bea4601:d5a02f5c:2da69848:3184a367 devices=/dev/sda1,/dev/sdb1
It would be handy if we had both on one line as that would make it easier to parse with a script. Of course, you can do this with utilities like awk and tr, but paste makes it so much easier:
# mdadm --brief --verbose --detail /dev/md0 | paste - - ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=00.90 UUID=7bea4601:d5a02f5c:2da69848:3184a367 devices=/dev/sda1,/dev/sdb1
By default, paste uses tabs to separate the lines, but you can use the -d argument to specify any delimiter you like:
# mdadm --brief --verbose --detail /dev/md0 | paste -d"*" - - ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=2 metadata=00.90 UUID=7bea4601:d5a02f5c:2da69848:3184a367* devices=/dev/sda1,/dev/sdb1
Nice.. this is handy for some additional formatting. thanks.
I also like using the 'join' utility for tasks like this sometimes (not this exact task, though). Between 'cut', 'paste', 'sort', 'uniq' you can write a pretty decent SQL implementation complete with GROUP BY
Cool. I didn't know about that. I would normally use xargs to turn them all into one line.
John